Recasting Bourgeois Europe: Stabilization in France, Germany, and Italy in the Decade after World War I, by Charles S. Maier
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Recasting Bourgeois Europe: Stabilization in France, Germany, and Italy in the Decade after World War I, by Charles S. Maier
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Charles Maier, one of the most prominent contemporary scholars of European history, published Recasting Bourgeois Europe as his first book in 1975. Based on extensive archival research, the book examines how European societies progressed from a moment of social vulnerability to one of political and economic stabilization.
Arguing that a common trajectory calls for a multi country analysis, Maier provides a comparative history of three European nations and argues that they did not simply return to a prewar status quo, but achieved a new balance of state authority and interest group representation. While most previous accounts presented the decade as a prelude to the Depression and dictatorships, Maier suggests that the stabilization of the 1920s, vulnerable as it was, foreshadowed the more enduring political stability achieved after World War II.
The immense and ambitious scope of this book, its ability to follow diverse histories in detail, and its effort to explain stabilization--and not just revolution or breakdown--have made it a classic of European history.
Recasting Bourgeois Europe: Stabilization in France, Germany, and Italy in the Decade after World War I, by Charles S. Maier- Amazon Sales Rank: #2296401 in Books
- Published on: 2015-10-27
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.20" h x 1.70" w x 6.10" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 680 pages
About the Author Charles S. Maier is the Leverett Saltonstall Professor of History at Harvard University. His many books include Among Empires: American Ascendancy and its Predecessors, and Dissolution: The Crisis of Communism and the End of East Germany (Princeton). He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations
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6 of 7 people found the following review helpful. Quite Interesting; 4.5 Stars By R. Albin Maier's major theme is the relative stability of major European economic, class, and political structures in the face of the impact of WWI and the ensuing sequelae. He focuses on Germany, France, and Italy. The Bourgeois of the title is construed fairly broadly; Maier uses this term not in the relatively narrow sense of middle class but in a broader sense of late 19th liberal capitalist social organization. Maier seeks to demonstrate how capitalist powers, usually in association with middle class strata and liberal political organizations maintained much of their traditional power after WWI. The background is the increasing challenge to the inherited liberal order posed by expanding working class political formations - strongly socialist in France and Germany with Italy exhibiting a mixture of socialist and syndicalist movements - prior to WWI. Accompanied by increasingly democratic voting franchises, these movements were quite threatening to traditional economic and class powers. In important respects, WWI increased the power of labor. The demands of war-time economies required some accomodation of the interests of workers and increased government organization of production reduced the autonomy of business. In Germany, the collapse of the Imperial state was accompanied by widespread radicalization in the factories.In Maier's analysis, the immediate post-war years were characterized by a largely successful effort in France, Germany, and Italy to fight off these working class challenges. In Germany, this effort was abetted by the Socialist leadership itself, who were considerably more conservative than the rank and file. Within this generalization, Maier shows well how the differing political systems and circumstances of Germany, Italy, and France resulted in somewhat different specific outcomes. Arguably the most dramatic was Italy, where the defects of the political system and the nature of Italian society resulted in a broad middle & upper class alliance with the Fascists, resulting ultimately in an authoritarian state. Analogous, though more muted, phenomena occurred in Germany and France, where the situation as complicated particularly by the difficult issue of German reparations. In Maier's analysis, all these nations experienced some degree of failure of parliamentary institutions, though most dramatically in Italy, and the containment of the Left and emergence of a new equilibrium occurred through extra-parliamentary mechanisms stressing economic interest groups rather than parties per se.Maier argues that by the mid-20s, a new "corporatist" equilibrium emerges with many of the powers of business and class structures intact but at the price of increased involvement of government as a broker between interest groups and with the admission of working class based parties as a legitimate interest group whose needs had to be accomodated in some way. This model is most convincing for Germany and France, and perhaps less for Italy. Maier supports his analysis with a very detailed narrative of politics within each nation and also a careful discussion of the complicated inter-European politics as well. Much of this is valuable in its own right as a narrative of intimidatingly complex politics of post-WWI Europe. Maier's ability to discuss and compare all these phenomena is really impressive and parts, notably the analysis of Italian politics and the emergence of Fascism, are masterful.This book was written for specialists in 20th century Europe and is probably best read by those with a fairly detailed knowledge of events. Maier is a good writer but much of the narrative is quite detailed and difficult to master without considerable background knowledge. In terms of the broad overview, Maier is careful to point out that the broad trends he identifies were prefigured by increasing cartelization and government involvement in pre-WWI Europe and that the "corporate" states he describes anticipate important features of post-WWII welfare state capitalism.
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